fn main() {
    let s1 = String::from("Hello");
    let s2 = s1; // s1 goes out of scope here
    println!("{s2}, world!");

    let mut s = String::from("hello");
    s = String::from("world"); // original "hello" value drops here
    println!("hello, {s}");

    let s1 = String::from("hello");
    let s2 = s1.clone(); // heap data gets copied here
    println!("s1 = {s1}, s2 = {s2}");

    let s3 = String::from("forsen");
    copy_string_value(s3);
    // println!("{s3}");
    // will throw and erorr

    let s4 = String::from("gachi");
    let (s5, len) = calculate_length(s4);
    //println!("{s4}");
    // also will throw an error
    println!("string: {s5}, length: {len}")
}

fn copy_string_value(string: String) {
    println!("{string}");
}

fn calculate_length(s: String) -> (String, usize) {
    let length = s.len();

    (s, length)
}